List of Substitutions for a Missing Ingredient

1 square chocolate (1 ounce) = 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1½ teaspoons butter or oil
1 cup honey = 1¼ cup sugar + ¼ cup liquid
1 cup whole milk = ½ cup of evaporated milk plus ½ cup of water or 4 tablespoons of dry whole milk plus 1 cup water.
1 cup skim milk = 4 tablespoon of nonfat dry milk plus 1 cup of water.
1 cup sour milk, for baking = 1 cup of sweet milk combined with either 1 tablespoon of vinegar or 1 tablespoon of lemon juice.
1 whole egg, for thickening or baking = 2 egg yolks or 2 tablespoons dried whole egg plus 2½ tablespoon water.
1 tablespoon flour, for thickening = ½ tablespoon cornstarch, potato starch, or rice starch.
1 cup cake flour, for baking = ⅞ cup all-purpose flour.
1 cup all-purpose flour, for baking breads = Up to ½ cup bran, whole wheat flour or cornmeal mixed with enough all-purpose flour to fill a cup.
1 teaspoon baking powder = ¼ teaspoon baking soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tartar.